» 多样性
This is a list of commonly used terms and definitions around diversity, equity, and inclusion. 虽然这个列表并不详尽, these are a few commonly used terms for initial learning and understanding.
To make a submission or revision to the glossary, please email diversity@zzangao.com. 感谢您帮助保持此资源的时效性和相关性. 本页更新于2021年8月19日.
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访问: 消除歧视和其他导致加入和成为工作组一部分的不公平机会的障碍, 组织, 或社区.
盟友: Someone who supports a group other than one’s own (in terms of multiple identities such as 比赛, 性别, 年龄, 种族, 性取向, 宗教, 等.). An ally acknowledges oppression and actively commits to reducing their own complicity, investing in strengthening their own knowledge and awareness of oppression.
偏见: A form of prejudice that results from our need to quickly classify individuals into categories.
BIPoC: An acronym used to refer to black, Indigenous and people of color. It is based on the recognition of collective experiences of systemic racism. 注意:和其他恒等式一样, it is up to individuals to use this term as an identifier and quantifier. 不是每个人都同意这个词/限定词. The term BIPOC is still considered by many to indicate a hierarchy among communities of color. 而不是BIPOC, the preferred term(s) to use are “people/persons of color” and “communities of color. By using the term to be more inclusive, you may be selectively exclusive by using the term.
Cis性别: 指那些有性别认同的人, expression or behavior aligns with those typically associated with their assigned sex at birth.
文化经费: 未经同意/不当使用文化元素用于商品化或盈利目的-包括符号, 艺术, 语言, 海关, 等. ——通常不理解, acknowledgment or respect for its value in the context of its original culture.
残疾: 残疾影响一个人进行正常日常活动能力的身体或精神损伤.
多样性: 在社会上，它指的是广泛的身份认同. 它广泛地包括种族, 种族, 性别, 年龄, 国家的起源, 宗教, 残疾, 性取向, 社会经济地位, 教育, 婚姻状况, 语言, 资深地位, 外表, 等. 它还涉及不同的想法、观点和价值观.
歧视: 对不同群体成员的不平等待遇, 基于有意识或无意识偏见的, 哪一个群体在种族差异上比其他群体更受青睐, 性别, 经济类, 性取向, 体能, 宗教, 语言, 年龄, 国家认同, 宗教, 以及其他类别.
股票: 公平待遇, 访问, 所有人都有机会和进步, 同时努力查明和消除妨碍某些群体充分参与的障碍. 公平原则承认历史上存在服务不足和代表性不足的人口，对这些不平衡状况的公平是必要的，以便为所有群体提供平等的机会.
性别认同: 有别于“性取向”一词,指的是一个人内心对自己是男性的感觉, 女性或者其他什么. Since 性别 identity is internal, one’s 性别 identity is not necessarily visible to others.
那些表现和自身性别不符性别表达与社会对性别的期望不同的个体.
骚扰: The use of comments or actions that can be perceived as offensive, 令人尴尬的, 羞辱性的, 贬低和不受欢迎.
内隐偏见: 人们在不知情的情况下会自动产生负面联想，影响威尼斯人在线的理解, actions and decisions; also known as unconscious or hidden bias.
包含: The act of creating an environment in which any individual or group will be welcomed, 受人尊敬的, 作为一个充分参与的成员得到支持和重视. An inclusive and welcoming climate emb比赛s and respects differences.
制度种族主义: 制度性种族主义特指基于种族歧视的制度性政策和做法为不同群体创造不同结果和机会的方式.
交集: 一种社会结构，它承认一个人可以拥有的流动的身份多样性，如性别, 比赛, class, 宗教, 职业地位, 婚姻状况, 社会经济地位, 等.
“主义”: 一种描述任何态度的方式, action or institutional structure that oppresses a person or group because of their target group. 例如, 种族(种族歧视), 性别(性别歧视), 经济地位(阶级歧视), 老年(年龄歧视), 宗教(e.g., anti-Semitism), 性取向 (heterosexism), 语言/immigrant status (xenophobism), 等.
拉丁语(x): 拉丁裔，拉丁裔:用作拉丁裔或拉丁裔的中性或非二元替代词，用来描述拉丁裔或拉丁裔的人. 注意:和其他恒等式一样, it is up to individuals to use this term as an identifier and quantifier. 不是每个人都同意这个词/限定词. By using the term to be more inclusive, you may be selectively exclusive by using the term.
LGBTQIA: 一个包罗万象的术语，指那些认为自己是女同性恋的人, 同性恋, 双性恋, 变性人, 酷儿, 双性, 和无性. 南加州大学的标准缩写用法是LGBTQ. 警告: While we understand and sometimes utilize other inclusive 实践 of other identifiers, 威尼斯人在线也明白，在身份群体和试图接触到更广泛的受众方面，仍有大量的学习.
Microaggression: 口头, 非语言和环境上的轻视, 的怠慢, 侮辱或行为, 无论是有意还是无意, 传达敌意, 仅基于歧视性的信仰体系而向目标人发出的贬损或负面信息.
少数民族少数群体是人口的一个子群体.g., 少数民族, 种族, 社会, 宗教, (或其他群体)与那些被认为在人口中拥有多数权力的人相比，具有不同的权力. 警告: 这个词的相关性已经过时，并且随着人口结构的变化而变化.
多元文化的能力: A process of embracing diversity and learning about people from other cultural backgrounds. 提高文化能力的关键因素是尊重他人生活和组织世界的方式，并开放地向他们学习.
神经的多样性: 当神经学上的差异像其他人类差异或变异一样被认识和尊重时. 这些差异包括运动障碍, 难语症, 注意缺陷多动障碍, 计算障碍, 自闭症谱系, 和妥瑞氏综合症.
压迫: The systematic subjugation of one 社会 group by a more powerful 社会 group for the 社会, 经济, 以及更强大的社会群体的政治利益.
父权制: 基于历史的, institutionally perpetuated system of 剥削 and oppression in which those assigned male, or those exhibiting characteristics that have been assigned male, hold ultimate authority and privilege central to 社会 组织, 担任政治领导角色, 道德权威, 对财产的控制. 它暗示并要求女性服从. 即使个人之间没有明确的性别敌意，也能产生性别化的结果吗.
有色人种: Often the preferred collective term for referring to non-White 种族 groups. 自20世纪70年代末以来，种族正义倡导者一直在使用“有色人种”(不要与带有贬义的“有色人种”混淆)一词，作为包容和统一白人以外不同种族群体的框架, 解决种族不平等问题. 而“有色人种”可以是一个政治上有用的术语，用来描述具有自己特征的人(而不是他们没有的东西), e.g., “白人”), it is also important whenever possible to identify people through their own 种族/少数民族 group, as each has its own distinct experience and meaning and may be more appropriate.
偏见先入为主的判断或偏好, especially one that interferes with imp艺术ial judgment and can be rooted in stereotypes, that denies the right of individual members of certain groups to be recognized.
特权: 独享权:基于一个占统治地位的社会群体的成员资格，对物质和非物质资源的排他性的访问或访问.
代词: 最初称呼某人的名字后用来指代他们的词. Gendered pronouns include she and he, her and him, hers and his, and herself and himself. “首选性别代词”(pgp)是人们要求他人使用的指代自己的代词.
酷儿: An umbrella term that can refer to anyone who transgresses society’s view of 性别 or sexuality. 酷儿这个词定义的不确定性, 它的弹性, 是它的特征之一:“一个充满可能性的区域.”
种族: 一种基于外貌(尤指种族)等特征人为地将人们划分为不同群体的社会结构。, 祖先的遗产, 文化归属, 文化历史, 种族分类, 还有社会, 经济, 一个社会在特定时期的政治需要.
种族主义: 种族优越论认为种族差异产生或与固有的优越感或劣等感有关的信念. Racially based prejudice, 歧视, hostility or hatred. 制度化的种族主义, 也被称为系统性种族主义, refers to forms of racism that are engrained in society or 组织s. 整个种族群体都受到歧视, 或者一直处于劣势, 更大的社会体系, 实践, 选择或策略.
恢复性司法: 恢复性司法是一种强调修复犯罪和冲突造成的伤害的司法理论. It places decisions in the hands of those who have been most affected by a wrongdoing, 对受害者也给予同样的关心, 罪犯, 以及周围的社区. 恢复性反应意味着修复伤害, 治愈破裂的关系, 并指出冒犯的根本原因. Restorative Justice emphasizes individual and collective accountability.
性: Binary biological classification of male or female (based on genetic or physiological features); as opposed to 性别, which is 社会 in nature (frequently used interchangeably with “性别” despite this difference).
性别歧视:指态度的范围, 信仰, 政策, laws and behaviors that discriminate on the basis of sex or 性别.
沉默排斥或抑制特定社会身份的声音或参与的有意识或无意识的过程.
Sizeism歧视:基于人们感知到的(或自我感知到的)身体大小或形状而对他们的虐待或歧视.
性取向: An individual’s enduring physical, romantic and/or emotional attraction to another person. 性别认同和性取向并不相同.
社会公平: 社会正义是一种行动主义, 基于公平和包容的原则，其中包括一种社会愿景，在这种社会愿景中，资源的分配是公平的，所有成员在身体和心理上都是安全的. 社会正义涉及社会行动者，他们有自己的能动性，也有对他人和对他人的社会责任感.
刻板印象: A form of generalization rooted in blanket 信仰 and false assumptions, a product of processes of categorization that can result in a prejudiced attitude, critical judgment and intentional or unintentional 歧视. 刻板印象通常是消极的, based on little information and does not recognize individualism and personal 年龄ncy.
结构性不平等: Systemic disadvant年龄(s) of one 社会 group compared to other groups, (有意识或无意识的)歧视行为根深蒂固，并通过制度得到强化, 意识形态, 表示, 政策/法律和惯例. When this kind of inequality is related to 种族/少数民族 歧视, 这被称为系统性或结构性种族主义.
压迫制度: 有意识和无意识, 非随机和有组织的骚扰, 歧视, 剥削, 歧视, prejudice and other forms of unequal treatment that impact different groups. 有时用来指系统性的种族主义.
变性: 性别认同和/或性别表达与出生时的生理性别不同的人。. 萨博是一个人与性别的第一个联系, 通常基于生理性别特征.
老将状态: Whether or not an individual has served in a nation's armed forces (or other uniformed service).
白人特权: 指的是毫无疑问的、不劳而获的优势, 权利, benefits and choices bestowed on people solely because they are white; an exemption of 社会, 政治, and/or 经济 burdens placed on non-white people; benefitting from societal structuring that prioritizes white people and whiteness.
排外情绪: 文化上对外人的恐惧. 它经常与对那些移民进入社会和社区的人的敌意接待联系在一起. 这可能是由于对陌生人的真正恐惧，也可能是基于工作竞争等因素, 或民族, 种族, 或者宗教偏见.
The terms contained in this glossary have been reproduced from the following resources:
